GHG Reductions Due to National Determined Contributions

Climate change is recognized as a significant issue for people’s lives and economic well-being worldwide. Since greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are associated with climate change, many countries have been making efforts to regulate and limit them. Under the 2015 Paris Agreement, countries pledged to advance climate change mitigation by committing to national GHG reduction targets. In 2015, the countries submitted their first national strategies, known as Nationally Determined Contributions or NDCs, for reducing their share of greenhouse gases by 2030.

National Determined Contributions or NDCs are national climate plans that represent countries’ pledges on climate action, including climate-related targets as well as policies and measures governments aim to implement in order to keep global warming well below 2°C, preferably to 1.5°C, over pre-industrial levels. NDCs were first submitted by countries in 2015 under the Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Countries are expected to increase the level of climate ambition every five years, and 76 countries (including 27 EU countries) have submitted updated or new NDC in 2020.

Renewable energy (RE) is expected to be one of the main instruments in climate change mitigation. Hydroelectricity had been developing for decades before climate change was recognized as a serious problem and the first climate- and emissions-related international documents were signed. However, the greater part of available hydropower capacity is already in use, which means that that the development of non-hydro renewable energy is directly related to the success of energy sector decarbonization measures. For this reason, non-hydro RE share growth is one of the key indicators of a country’s energy transition process.

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